Developer Flatz has published a YouTube video showing games in PKG format being installed and run on a PlayStation 4 with firmware 4.55.
The method used is completely different from the kernel_hooks approach used on firmware 1.76.
What's more, after a reboot the console won't run the application, let alone the installed game, which suggests a system similar to the one used on PlayStation Vita: we're talking about HENkaku.
The developer plans to explain how he achieved this at a later date, and since it only requires a kernel exploit, it shouldn't be hard to port it to other firmware versions too.